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Integrating engineered biomaterials with artificial intelligence (AI)\u2010driven molecular imaging technology offers a powerful approach for predicting immune efficacy. However, its clinical translation is significantly hindered by several critical limitations, including the complex and costly synthesis of multifunctional imaging probes, insufficient deep\u2010tissue penetration, suboptimal in vivo signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratios, potential immunogenicity and off\u2010target toxicity, and the limited generalizability of deep learning models across heterogeneous patient populations. In view of these pressing scientific challenges, this review focuses on the application of chemical and biomolecular strategies\u2010enhanced engineered biomaterials in promoting the sensitivity and specificity of advanced imaging modalities for visualizing signaling molecules and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, recent progress in deep learning\u2010driven image analysis has enabled strong predictive capabilities and automated the understanding of complex immune system dynamics. Together, these technologies provide a transformative platform for non\u2010invasive monitoring, personalized treatment, and response prediction, with the potential to advance precision immuno\u2010oncology and significantly impact both basic research and clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.71867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1792379377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep Learning and Engineered Biomaterials\u2010Enhanced Imaging\u2010Guided Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Kaiwei","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 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