{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:46:48Z","timestamp":1792187208811,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fish, reptiles, and mammals can possess flexible dermal armor for protection. Here we seek to find the means by which Nature derives its protection by examining the scales from several fish (\n                    <jats:italic>Atractosteus spatula<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Arapaima gigas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Polypterus senegalus, Morone saxatilis, Cyprinius carpio)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and osteoderms from armadillos, alligators, and leatherback turtles. Dermal armor has clearly been developed by convergent evolution in these different species. In general, it has a hierarchical structure with collagen fibers joining more rigid units (scales or osteoderms), thereby increasing flexibility without significantly sacrificing strength, in contrast to rigid monolithic mineral composites. These dermal structures are also multifunctional, with hydrodynamic drag (in fish), coloration for camouflage or intraspecies recognition, temperature and fluid regulation being other important functions. The understanding of such flexible dermal armor is important as it may provide a basis for new synthetic, yet bioinspired, armor materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201202713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T16:39:06Z","timestamp":1352997546000},"page":"31-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":399,"title":["Natural Flexible Dermal Armor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Gludovatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert O.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/ironshots.smugmug.com\/keyword\/museum%20of %20nature%20and%20science\/1\/92036125RK8Q8#!i=92036125&k =RK8Q8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/digitalmedia.fws.gov\/cdm4\/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=\/natdiglib&CISOPTR=401&CISOBOX=1&REC=2(accessed October 2012)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.tnaqua.org\/OurAnimals\/Fishes\/Arapaima.aspx(accessed October 2012)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1578","volume":"29","author":"Rogers K. 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The value of the driving force at \u0394a\u2192 0 provides a measure of the crack\u2010initiation toughness whereas the slope (used in this study) and\/or the maximum value of the R\u2010curve can be used to characterize the crack\u2010growth toughness."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","unstructured":"Fracture resistance can be considered as a mutual competition between two classes of mechanisms: intrinsic mechanisms which are microstructural damage mechanisms that operate ahead of the crack tip to promote cracking and extrinsic mechanisms which operate principally in the wake of the crack tip to inhibit cracking by \u201cshielding\u201d the crack from the applied driving force see ref. [66]. 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