{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:18:58Z","timestamp":1791951538118,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases threatening the lives of humans. Although many treatment methods have been developed to tackle cancer, each modality of cancer treatment has its own limitations and drawbacks. The development of minimally invasive treatment modalities for cancers remains a great challenge. Near\u2010infrared (NIR) light\u2010activated nanomaterial\u2010mediated phototherapies, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, provide an alternative means for spatially and temporally controlled minimally invasive treatments of cancers. Nanomaterials can serve as nanocargoes for the delivery of chemo\u2010drugs, diagnostic contrast reagents, and organic photosensitizers, and can be used to directly generate heat or reactive oxygen species for the treatment of tumors without the need for organic photosensitizers with NIR\u2010light irradiation. Here, current progress in NIR\u2010light\u2010activated nanomaterial\u2010mediated photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy is summarized. Furthermore, the effects of size, shape, and surface functionalities of nanomaterials on intracellular uptake, macrophage clearance, biodistribution, cytotoxicities, and biomedical efficacies are discussed. The use of various types of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and many other inorganic nanostructures, in combination with diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for solid tumors, is briefly reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T02:03:06Z","timestamp":1522029786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":542,"title":["Near\u2010Infrared\u2010Light\u2010Activatable Nanomaterial\u2010Mediated Phototheranostic Nanomedicines: An Emerging Paradigm for Cancer Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raviraj","family":"Vankayala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan 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