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Here, a new strategy is reported, aimed at realizing this goal based on imaging aerobic glycolysis processes using nitrogen\u2010doped carbon dots (N\u2010CDs) as fluorescent probes. The intensity of the photoluminescence emitted by the N\u2010CDs is specifically enhanced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, oxidized) in the physiological environment. The N\u2010CDs allow a few (five to ten) abnormal cells in spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma models to be identified before the in situ development of tumor tissue. The N\u2010CD probes can also distinguish tumor cells from normal cells and be used to evaluate their proliferation activity (with a specificity of up to 96.15% in 13 types of tumor cells and 90.90% in orthotopic xenograft models). The N\u2010CDs are successfully used to monitor the invasion of tumor cells into neighboring tissues and body fluids in 49 clinical samples (with a sensitivity up to 79.31%). 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