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However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long\u2010term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e\u2010drugs) have been developed to monitor real\u2010time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch\u2010type e\u2010drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long\u2010term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation\u2010associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e\u2010drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e\u2010drugs use cutting\u2010edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e\u2010drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e\u2010drugs are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T01:56:01Z","timestamp":1620006961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chihyeong","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobio Device Laboratory School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University  50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaebeen","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanobio Device Laboratory School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei 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