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In contrast to conventional bottom\u2010up approaches aimed at layering synthetic substrates with T\u2010cell activation cues, transformation of live dendritic cells (DCs) into artificial APCs (aAPCs) is demonstrated herein using a facile and minimally disruptive hydrogelation technique. Through direct intracellular permeation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG\u2010DA) hydrogel monomer and UV\u2010activated radical polymerization, intracellular hydrogelation is rapidly accomplished on DCs with minimal influence on cellular morphology and surface antigen display, yielding highly robust and modular cell\u2013gel hybrid constructs amenable to peptide antigen exchange, storable by freezing and lyophilization, and functionalizable with cytokine\u2010releasing carriers for T\u2010cell modulation. The DC\u2010derived aAPCs are shown to induce prolonged T\u2010cell expansion and improve anticancer efficacy of adoptive T\u2010cell therapy in mice compared to nonexpanded control T cells, and the gelation technique is further demonstrated to stabilize primary DCs derived from human donors. The work presents a versatile approach for generating a new class of cell\u2010mimicking biomaterials and opens new venues for immunological interrogation and immunoengineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T21:50:39Z","timestamp":1623102639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Facile Transformation of Murine and Human Primary Dendritic Cells into Robust and Modular Artificial Antigen\u2010Presenting Systems by Intracellular Hydrogelation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jung\u2010Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Yao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui\u2010Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zih\u2010Syun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine National Taiwan University  No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District Taipei Taiwan 106 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing\u2010Yu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwo Harn M.","family":"Shiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeng\u2010Shiang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica  No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang Taipei Taiwan 115 Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celtec Inc.  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