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However, the lack of understanding of the precise structure of these biomaterials and thus the actual dose of effective components impedes their advancement to translation. Herein, a strategy to mimic in situ melanin formation and explore its antioxidative applications is reported, by developing a PEGylated, phenylboronic\u2010acid\u2010protected L\u2010DOPA precursor (PAD) that can self\u2010assemble into well\u2010defined nanoparticles (PADN). Exposure to oxidative species leads to deprotection of phenylboronic acids, transforming PADN to PEG\u2010L\u2010DOPA, which, similar to the biosynthetic pathway of melanin, can be oxidized and polymerized into an antioxidative melanin\u2010like structure. With ultrahigh stability and superior antioxidative activity, the PADN shows remarkable efficacy in prevention and treatment of acute liver injury\/failure. Moreover, the in situ structure transformation enables PADN to visualize damaged tissue noninvasively by photoacoustic imaging. Overall, a bioinspired antioxidant with precise structure and site\u2010specific biological activity for theranostics of oxidative stress\u2010related diseases is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T01:09:47Z","timestamp":1626656987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Site\u2010Specific Biomimicry of Antioxidative Melanin Formation and Its Application for Acute Liver Injury Therapy and Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Caiyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fujian Science &amp; Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou University  Fuzhou 350108 China"},{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fujian Science &amp; 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