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Herein, a technique is reported, taking advantage of a cryoprotective bioink to enable direct extrusion bioprinting in the vertical direction in the presence of cells, using a freezing plate with precise temperature control. Of interest, vertical 3D cryo\u2010bioprinting concurrently allows the user to create freestanding filamentous constructs containing interconnected, anisotropic microchannels featuring gradient sizes aligned in the vertical direction, also associated with enhanced mechanical performances. Skeletal myoblasts within the 3D\u2010cryo\u2010bioprinted hydrogel constructs show enhanced cell viability, spreading, and alignment, compared to the same cells in the standard hydrogel constructs. This method is further extended to a multimaterial format, finding potential applications in interface tissue engineering, such as creation of the muscle\u2013tendon unit and the muscle\u2013microvascular unit. The unique vertical 3D cryo\u2010bioprinting technique presented here suggests improvements in robustness and versatility to engineer certain tissue types especially those anisotropic in nature, and may extend broad utilities in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and personalized therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202108931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T02:10:05Z","timestamp":1640139005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Vertical Extrusion Cryo(bio)printing for Anisotropic Tissue Manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Cambridge MA 02139 USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital\/West China School of Medicine Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 P. 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