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Designing such patches often requires simultaneous consideration of several material attributes, including bioabsorption, non\u2010toxicity, matching the mechanic properties of heart tissues, and working efficiently in wet and dynamic environments. Using genetically engineered multi\u2010domain proteins, a printed bi\u2010layer proteinaceous hydrogel patch for heart failure treatments is reported. The intrinsic self\u2010healing nature of hydrogel materials physically enables seamless interfacial integration of two disparate hydrogel layers and functionally endows the cardiac patches with the combinatorial advantages of each layer. Leveraging the biocompatibility, structural stability, and tunable drug release properties of the bi\u2010layer hydrogel, promising effects of hemostasis, fibrosis reduction, and heart function recovery on mice is demonstrated with two myocardium damage models. Moreover, this proteinaceous patch is proved biodegradable in vivo without any additive inflammations. In conclusion, this work introduces a promising new type of minimally invasive patch based on genetically modified double\u2010layer protein gel for treating heart\u2010related injuries or diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T18:41:36Z","timestamp":1647801696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A Bi\u2010Layer Hydrogel Cardiac Patch Made of Recombinant Functional Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Physical Biology Division School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University  Shanghai 201210 P. R. 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