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Recent works have demonstrated that the low\u2010symmetry crystal structure in CuPt\/CoPt can give rise to an out\u2010of\u2010plane (OOP) spin torque and lead to deterministic magnetization switching without an external field. However, it is essential to improve OOP effective field for the efficient switching. In this work, the impact of interface oxidation on the generation of OOP effective field in a CuPt\/ferromagnet heterostructure is systematically studied. By introducing an oxidized CuPt surface, it is found that the field\u2010free switching performance shows remarkable improvement. OOP effective field measurement indicates that the oxidation treatment can enhance the OOP effective field by more than two times. It is also demonstrated that this oxidation\u2010induced OOP SOT efficiency enhancement is independent of the device shapes, magnetic materials, or magnetization easy axis. This work contributes to improve the performance of SOT devices and provides an effective fabrication guidance for future spintronic devices that utilize OOP SOT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202208954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T02:54:23Z","timestamp":1673924063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Enhancement of Out\u2010of\u2010Plane Spin\u2013Orbit Torque by Interfacial Modification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tieyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology  Beijing 100176 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qidong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)  Singapore 138634 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology  Beijing 100176 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingsheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 117575 Singapore"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)  Singapore 138634 Singapore"},{"name":"Chongqing Research Institute National University of Singapore  Chongqing 401120 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.Garello F.Yasin S.Couet L.Souriau J.Swerts S.Rao S.Van Beek W.Kim E.Liu S.Kundu D.Tsvetanova N.Jossart K.Croes E.Grimaldi M.Baumgartner D.Crotti1 A.Furn\u00e9mont P.Gambardella G. 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