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In Down Syndrome (DS), the production of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S is elevated and associated with degraded mitochondrial function. Therefore, removing H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S from the body as a stable oxide could be an approach to reducing the deleterious effects of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S in DS. In this report we describe the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) to polysulfides (HS<jats:sub>2+n<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) and thiosulfate (S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>) by poly(ethylene glycol) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG\u2010HCCs) and poly(ethylene glycol) oxidized activated charcoal (PEG\u2010OACs), examples of oxidized carbon nanozymes (OCNs). We show that OCNs oxidize H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S to polysulfides and S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup> in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The reaction is dependent on O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the presence of quinone groups on the OCNs. In DS donor lymphocytes we found that OCNs increased polysulfide production, proliferation, and afforded protection against additional toxic levels of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S compared to untreated DS lymphocytes. Finally, in Dp16 and Ts65DN murine models of DS, we found that OCNs restored osteoclast differentiation. This new action suggests potential facile translation into the clinic for conditions involving excess H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S exemplified by DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T21:36:49Z","timestamp":1686087409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Polysulfide and Thiosulfate by a Carbon Nanozyme: Therapeutic Implications with an Emphasis on Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Derry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine Department of Translational Medical Science Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center  2121\u00a0W. Holcombe Boulevard Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"EnMed School of Engineering Medicine Texas A&amp;M University  1020\u00a0W. Holcombe Boulevard Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-2159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton V.","family":"Liopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine Department of Translational Medical Science Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center  2121\u00a0W. 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T.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine Department of Translational Medical Science Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center  2121\u00a0W. Holcombe Boulevard Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4767-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"McKelvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation and Infectious Disease Department of Translational Medical Science Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center  2121\u00a0W. Holcombe Boulevard Houston 77030 Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry J.","family":"Suva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station 77843 Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Internal Medicine John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston  Houston 77005 Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine\u2010South Bend  South Bend 46617 Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine\u2010South Bend  South Bend 46617 Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8479-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Tour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Rice University  Houston 77005 Texas USA"},{"name":"Smalley\u2010Curl Institute Rice University  Houston 77005 Texas USA"},{"name":"Welch Institute for Advanced Materials Rice University  Houston 77005 Texas USA"},{"name":"The NanoCarbon Center Rice University  Houston 77005 Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9877-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine Department of Translational Medical Science Institute of Bioscience and Technology Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center  2121\u00a0W. Holcombe Boulevard Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Rice University  Houston 77005 Texas USA"},{"name":"Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute  6560 Fannin Street Houston 77030 Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39389-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c02819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-019-00710-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2014.971943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.8.1500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.10847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(85)91641-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911895116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.10.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"20","author":"Gambari L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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