{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:46:12Z","timestamp":1791398772608,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real\u2010time imaging of immune systems benefits early diagnosis of disease and precision immunotherapy; however, most existing imaging probes either have \u201calways\u2010on\u201d signals with poor correlation to immune responses, or rely on light excitation with limited imaging depth. In this work, an ultrasound\u2010induced afterglow (sonoafterglow) nanoprobe is developed to specifically detect granzyme B for accurate imaging of T\u2010cell immunoactivation in vivo. The sonoafterglow nanoprobe (Q\u2010SNAP) consists of sonosensitizers, afterglow substrates, and quenchers. Upon ultrasound irradiation, sonosensitizers generate singlet oxygen, which converts substrates to high\u2010energy dioxetane intermediates that slowly release energy after ultrasound cessation. Due to the proximity, energy from substrates can be transferred to quenchers, leading to afterglow quenching. Only in the presence of granzyme B,\u00a0quenchers are liberated from Q\u2010SNAP, resulting in bright afterglow emission with a limit of detection (LOD, 2.1\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) much lower than most existing fluorescent probes. Due to the deep\u2010tissue\u2010penetrating ultrasound, sonoafterglow can be induced through a tissue of 4\u00a0cm thickness. Based on the correlation between sonoafterglow and granzyme B, Q\u2010SNAP not only distinguishes autoimmune hepatitis from healthy liver as early as 4 h after probe injection, but also effectively monitors the cyclosporin\u2010A\u2010mediated reversal of T\u2010cell hyperactivation. Q\u2010SNAP thus offers the possibilities of dynamic monitoring of T\u2010cell dysfunction and evaluation of prophylactic immunotherapy in deep\u2010seated lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T12:09:20Z","timestamp":1681906160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Activatable Sonoafterglow Nanoprobes for T\u2010Cell Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanyi","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University  59 Nanyang Drive Singapore 636921 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-00781-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0319-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2019.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC05937D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202106730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00773-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2022.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.039859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.153338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0255-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja408093p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c00659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202203184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14307-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c11455"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202111759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c10168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b03936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202209793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00978-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10119-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202015116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.42.27364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29691-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202011429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-0859"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202211651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:49:03Z","timestamp":1759794543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202211651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202211651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202211651","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2211651"}}