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Dysregulation of this microbial\u2010cellular microenvironment will lead to a series of oral diseases, such as implant\u2010associated infection caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) biofilms and periodontitis initiated by\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. oralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). In this study, a liposome\u2010encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG) and rapamycin drug\u2010delivery nanoparticle (ICG\u2010rapamycin) is designed to treat and prevent two typical biofilm\u2010induced oral diseases by regulating the microbial\u2010cellular microenvironment. ICG\u2010rapamycin elevates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and temperature levels to facilitate photodynamic and photothermal mechanisms under near\u2010infrared (NIR) laser irradiation for anti\u2010bacteria. In addition, it prevents biofilm formation by promoting bacterial motility with increasing the ATP levels. The nanoparticles modulate the microbial\u2010cellular interaction to reduce cellular inflammation and enhance bacterial clearance, which includes promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages, upregulating the anti\u2010inflammatory factor TGF\u2010\u03b2, and enhancing the bacterial phagocytosis of macrophages. Based on these findings, ICG\u2010rapamycin is applied to implant\u2010infected and periodontitis animal models to confirm the effects in vivo. This study demonstrates that ICG\u2010rapamycin can treat and prevent biofilm\u2010induced oral diseases by regulating the microbial\u2010cellular microenvironment, thus providing a promising strategy for future clinical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T22:33:52Z","timestamp":1698186832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Microenvironment\u2010Regulating Drug Delivery Nanoparticles for Treating and Preventing Typical Biofilm\u2010Induced Oral Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Leyi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 430079 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengge","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 430079 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 430079 P. R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8702-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) &amp; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School &amp; Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 430079 P. R. China"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University  Wuhan 430071 P. R. China"},{"name":"TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences Wuhan University  Wuhan 430071 P. R. 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