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Autologous nerve grafting has been commonly used as treatment in the clinic; however, its rare donor availability limits its application. A series of artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with advanced architectures are also proposed to promote injured peripheral nerve regeneration, which is a complicated process from axon sprouting to targeted muscle reinnervation. Therefore, exploring the interactions between sophisticated NGC complexes and versatile cells during each process including axon sprouting, Schwann cell dedifferentiation, nerve myelination, and muscle reinnervation is necessary. This review highlights the contribution of functional NGCs and the influence of microscale biomaterial architecture on biological processes of nerve repair. Progressive NGCs with chemical molecule induction, heterogenous topographical morphology, electroactive, anisotropic assembly microstructure, and self\u2010powered electroactive and magnetic\u2010sensitive NGCs are also collected, and they are expected to be pioneering features in future multifunctional and effective NGCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:46:49Z","timestamp":1695700009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Perspectives on the Novel Multifunctional Nerve Guidance Conduits: From Specific Regenerative Procedures to Motor Function Rebuilding"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Weixian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety &amp; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China  Beijing 100190 P. 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