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However, strategies that can detect and ablate bacteria with high specificity are emerging in recent years. Herein, a platform is reported that uses bacteria as a template to synthesize polymers containing guanidinium groups for self\u2010selective depletion of specific pathogenic bacteria without disturbing microbial communities. Different from conventional antibiotics, repeated treatment of bacteria with the templated polymers does not evolve drug resistance mutants after 20 days of serial passaging. Especially, high in vivo therapeutic effectiveness of the templated polymers is achieved in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced microbial peritonitis. The templated polymers have shown high selectivity in in vivo antimicrobial activity, which has excellent potential as systemic antimicrobials against bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T09:43:26Z","timestamp":1699004606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Targeted Depletion of Individual Pathogen by Bacteria\u2010Templated Polymer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Guobin","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore  4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National 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