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Strategies utilizing conductive hydrogels have demonstrated promising results for the treatment of peripheral nerves with a large diameter (&gt;2\u00a0mm). However, integrating convenient minimally invasive operation, antiswelling and immunomodulatory conductive hydrogels for treating small\u2010diameter injured cavernous nerves remains a great challenge. Here, a sprayable adhesive conductive hydrogel (GACM) composed of gelatin, adenine, carbon nanotubes, and mesaconate designed for cavernous nerve repair is developed. Multiple hydrogen bonds provide GACM with excellent adhesive and antiswelling properties, enabling it to establish a conformal electrical bridge with the damaged nerve and aiding in the regeneration process. Additionally, mesaconate\u2010loaded GACM suppresses the release of inflammatory factors by macrophages and promotes the migration and proliferation of Schwann cells. In vivo tests demonstrate that the GACM hydrogel repairs the cavernous nerve and restores erectile function and fertility. Furthermore, the feasibility of sprayable GACM in minimally invasive robotic surgery in beagles is validated. Given the benefits of therapeutic effectiveness and clinical convenience, the research suggests a promising future for sprayable GACM materials as advanced solutions for minimally invasive nerve repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T14:53:51Z","timestamp":1707404031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["In Situ\u2010Sprayed Bioinspired Adhesive Conductive Hydrogels for Cavernous Nerve Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shuting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan 250021 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen 518107 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fupo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengtao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency China\u2010Japan Friendship Hospital  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuetao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60520-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.21.2648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1012-1444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.4.608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00173J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-00932-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","author":"He Q.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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