{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:38:46Z","timestamp":1789508326904,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014364","name":"Samsung Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SSTF\u2010BA2101\u201005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSTF\u2010BA2101\u201005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A3B2079375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A3B2079375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C2007847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C2007847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inversion symmetry breaking is critical for many quantum effects and fundamental for spin\u2010orbit torque, which is crucial for next\u2010generation spintronics. Recently, a novel type of gigantic intrinsic spin\u2010orbit torque is established in the topological van der Waals\u00a0(vdW) magnet iron germanium telluride. However, it remains a puzzle because no clear evidence exists for interlayer inversion symmetry breaking. Here, the definitive evidence of broken inversion symmetry in iron germanium telluride directly measured by the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique is reported. The data show that the crystal symmetry reduces from centrosymmetric\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    6\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>mmc<\/jats:italic>\n                    to noncentrosymmetric polar\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    3\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    1 space group, giving the threefold SHG pattern with dominant out\u2010of\u2010plane polarization. Additionally, the SHG response evolves from an isotropic pattern to a sharp threefold symmetry upon increasing Fe deficiency, mainly due to the transition from random defects to ordered Fe vacancies. Such SHG response is robust against temperature, ensuring unaltered crystalline symmetries above and below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. These findings add crucial new information to the understanding of this interesting vdW metal, iron germanium telluride: band topology, intrinsic spin\u2010orbit torque, and topological vdW polar metal states.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T23:30:00Z","timestamp":1704065400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Broken Inversion Symmetry in Van Der Waals Topological Ferromagnetic Metal Iron Germanium Telluride"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kai\u2010Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Quantum Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwiin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuncheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Quantum Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Quantum Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihoon","family":"Keum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Quantum Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3930-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Je\u2010Geun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Quantum Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National University  Seoul 08826 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju 61005 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2001-00513-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.046811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.60.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.108.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.112.1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Solid State Physics","author":"Ashcroft N. 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