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Alert diagnosis and severity assessment of ALI is pivotal to ensure curative treatment and increase survival rates. However, the development of a precise ALI diagnostic strategy remains a pending task. Here, leveraging neutrophil's inflammation\u2010homing and physiological barrier\u2010navigating capability, a facile strategy is proposed for achieving targeted <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F\u2010MRI detection of ALI based on the nanoengineered neutrophil internalized with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (Neu@PFC). The remodeling process poses a negligible impact on the neutrophil's inherent activation and transmigration functions. The migratory behavior of Neu@PFC toward pneumonia is confirmed in vivo using an LPS\u2010induced ALI murine model. Direct intratracheal (<jats:italic>i.t<\/jats:italic>.) administration contributes to a vast deposition of Neu@PFC within the lung, allowing for real\u2010time <jats:sup>19<\/jats:sup>F\u2010MRI visualization and the potential to predict progressive pneumonia. Furthermore, intravenous (<jats:italic>i.v<\/jats:italic>.) administration of Neu@PFC enables quantitative assessment of the extent of ALI due to the chemokine\u2010guided neutrophil migration. This study not only provides a pathway to diagnose ALI, but also sheds light on the neutrophil recruitment and activation cues in different tissues and inflammatory conditions, which is a prerequisite for developing potential therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T09:55:30Z","timestamp":1727949330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nanoengineered Neutrophil as <sup>19<\/sup>F\u2010MRI Tracer for Alert Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sha","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement 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