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Here, a skin\u2010compatible hydrogel microneedle (HMN)\u2010continuous ketone monitoring (HMN\u2010CKM) device is reported. The sensing mechanism relies on the catechol\u2013quinone chemistry inherent to\u00a0the dopamine (DA) molecules that are covalently linked to the polymer structure of the HMN patch. The DA serves the dual\u2010purpose of acting as a redox mediator for measuring the byproduct of oxidation of 3\u2010beta\u2010hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2\u2010HB), the primary ketone bodies; while, also facilitating the formation of a crosslinked HMN patch. A universal approach involving pre\u2010oxidation and detection of the generated catechol compounds is introduced to correlate the sensor response to the \u03b2\u2010HB concentrations. It is further shown that real\u2010time tracking of a decrease in ketone levels of T1D rat model is possible using the HMN\u2010CKM device, in conjunction with a data\u2010driven machine learning model that considers potential time delays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T10:58:20Z","timestamp":1717757900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Multifunctional Dopamine\u2010Based Hydrogel Microneedle Electrode for Continuous Ketone Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfani Rahmi","family":"Ausri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Sadeghzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhamoy","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanjia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"GhavamiNejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle Dieu Thao","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Keyvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Shirzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"},{"name":"Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fasih A","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Quadrilatero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"GhavamiNejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. 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