{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T21:57:47Z","timestamp":1794088667958,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K04879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K04879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H05406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H05406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K17367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K17367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K20039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K20039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hexacarbazolylbenzene (6CzPh), which is benzene substituted by six carbazole rings, is a simple and attractive compound. Despite the success of a wide variety of carbazole derivatives in organic light\u2010emitting diodes (OLEDs), 6CzPh has not received attention so far. Here, excellent performances of 6CzPh are revealed as a host material in OLEDs regarding conventional host materials. Various strategies are implemented to improve the performance of OLEDs, e.g., triplet utilization by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence emitters for maximizing internal quantum efficiency, and molecular orientation control for increasing outcoupling efficiency. The present host material is suited for both criteria. Robustness of the structure and sufficiently high triplet energy enables a high external quantum efficiency with a long device lifetime. Besides, the host material boosts the horizontal molecular orientations of several guest emitters. It is noteworthy that disk\u2010shaped 4CzIPN marks the complete horizontal molecular orientations (\n                    <jats:italic>\u0398<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 100%,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.50). These results provide an effective way of improving efficiencies without sacrificing device durability for future OLEDs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:48:30Z","timestamp":1718200110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hexacarbazolylbenzene: An Excellent Host Molecule Causing Strong Guest Molecular Orientation and the High\u2010Performance OLEDs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Bhagya","family":"Madushani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University  Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0555-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Mamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University  Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto 606\u20138502 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8869-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Goushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University  Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"},{"name":"International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI\u2010I2CNER) Kyushu University  Nishi Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University  Yonezawa Yamagata 992\u20138510 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Nakanotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University  Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"},{"name":"International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI\u2010I2CNER) Kyushu University  Nishi Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7483-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Hatakeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University  Sakyo\u2010ku Kyoto 606\u20138502 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6117-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chihaya","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University  Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"},{"name":"International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI\u2010I2CNER) Kyushu University  Nishi Fukuoka 819\u20100395 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1727152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.1996.0403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3273407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200900983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.343409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201003128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00160k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2tc00584k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00424A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00081a018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.357984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm960391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.118657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.124258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.123055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1355007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1409582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b313843g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b204301g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1568146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1862777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2011.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1JM14903B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1594834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2004.08.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808801q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2996572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200502283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200600800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja060393n"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.20220257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202104245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-018-0057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-0667-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe5769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-0668-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202204352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1446992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3210790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2018.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400704v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC05373E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0100373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC03092A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b913423a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm040081o"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2012.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR05472F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b14994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202200877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3309705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1jm13417e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201228320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08708-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.20180336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0415-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202101004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC04542K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201400495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC04786F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b02403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b16199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201701340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b03342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2019.105600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202106570"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4954163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b00469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC03582F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201401407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SM00262E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b02808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5140210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202100857"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc36237f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34623-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1862777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201505491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm500802p"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC00997E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201000529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-00745-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-021-00763-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07432-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0476-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf1388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00837A"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202402275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1759773300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202402275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202402275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202402275","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2402275"}}