{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:23:41Z","timestamp":1789723421736,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]],"date-time":"2024-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003706","name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KRISS\u20132024\u2013 GP2024\u20100014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KRISS\u20132024\u2013 GP2024\u20100014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GTL24041\u2010000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GTL24041\u2010000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monolayer (1L) group VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit broken inversion symmetry and strong spin\u2010orbit coupling, offering promising applications in optoelectronics and valleytronics. Despite their direct bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and spin\u2010valley locking in K or K\u2019 valleys, the ultra\u2010short valley lifetime limits their room\u2010temperature applications. In contrast, multilayer TMDs, with more absorptive layers, sacrifice the direct bandgap and valley polarization upon gaining inversion symmetry from the bilayer structure. Here, we demonstrate that multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) can maintain 1) a structure with broken inversion symmetry and strong spin\u2010orbit coupling, 2) a direct bandgap with high photoluminescence (PL) intensity, and 3) stable valley polarization up to room temperature. Through the intercalation of organic 1\u2010ethyl\u20103\u2010methylimidazolium (EMIM<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) ions, multilayer MoS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> not only exhibits layer decoupling but also benefits from an electron doping effect. This results in a hundredfold increase in PL intensity and stable valley polarization, achieving 55% and 16% degrees of valley polarization at 3 K and room temperature, respectively. The persistent valley polarization at room temperature, due to interlayer decoupling and trion dominance facilitated by a gate\u2010free method, opens up potential applications in valley\u2010selective optoelectronics and valley transistors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:14:33Z","timestamp":1728260073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Indirect\u2010To\u2010Direct Bandgap Crossover and Room\u2010Temperature Valley Polarization of Multilayer MoS<sub>2<\/sub> Achieved by Electrochemical Intercalation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Min\u2010kyung","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Electronics  Hwaseong 18448 South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"},{"name":"Strategic Technology Research Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Daejeon 34113 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoram","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Gyu","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information &amp; Electronics Kyung Hee University  Yongin Gyeonggi 17104 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongtae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Technology Research Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Daejeon 34113 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Prasad","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeyoung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Rae","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul","family":"Hasanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"},{"name":"Strategic Technology Research Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Daejeon 34113 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungmo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Technology Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Daejeon 34113 Republic of South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu Young","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)  Ulsan 44919 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kibum","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  Daejeon 34141 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungwoo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Technology Research Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)  Daejeon 34113 South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.187401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.89.201302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71808-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau6478"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.241406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00916-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw8053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b04171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01748-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0559-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00936-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09490-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.257402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201805503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4942797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31672-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201900260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.075413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202000873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0574-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160-023-00396-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b02527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0727-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1250140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201803910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2021.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20732-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR03703K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b04977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04523-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26973-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.68.035416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4892976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202000835"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn501580c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4972781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5033327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-019-0095-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10644J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-018-0035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06339-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3938\/jkps.66.806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.474799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-00850-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.047401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25747-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0397-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP03490A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra20132a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c05316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.104.085432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.246803"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.155410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.063001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.11169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108033"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202407997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T16:36:44Z","timestamp":1759768604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202407997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202407997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202407997","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2407997"}}