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The results showed that L\u2010NPs increased antigen attachment in the nasal cavity by 3.83 times and prolonged its retention time to 72\u00a0h. In vivo experimental data demonstrated that the intranasal immunization with L\u2010Vac induced a 4.86\u2010fold increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) secretion in the upper respiratory tract, a 1.85\u2010fold increase in the lower respiratory tract, and a 20.61\u2010fold increase in RSV\u2010specific immunoglobin G (IgG) titer levels in serum, compared with the commercial Alum Vac, while the neutralizing activity against the RSV authentic virus is 1.66\u2010fold higher. The mechanistic investigation revealed that L\u2010Vac activated the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway in nasal epithelial cells (NECs), in turn increasing the expression levels of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and C\u2013C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) by 1.67\u2010fold and 3.46\u2010fold, respectively, through the downstream nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (NF\u2010\u03baB) signaling pathway. Meanwhile, CCL20 recruited dendritic cells (DCs) and L\u2010Vac activated the Toll\u2010like receptor signaling pathway in DCs, promoting IL\u20106 expression and DCs maturation, and boosted sIgA production and T\u2010cell responses. The findings suggested that L\u2010 Vac may serve as a candidate for the development of intranasal medicine against various types of respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T05:41:11Z","timestamp":1725255671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Chiral Intranasal Nanovaccines as Antivirals for Respiratory Syncytial Virus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Baimei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University  Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. 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