{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:06:46Z","timestamp":1789160806318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61925405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61925405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011198","name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB43000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB43000000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z220007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z220007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB3611200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB3611200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Unbalanced charge carrier injections\u00a0and high densities of non\u2010radiative recombination channels are still major obstacles to advancing high\u2010efficiency blue perovskite light\u2010emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, a deep\u2010HOMO level\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010type small molecule, (2\u2010(3,6\u2010dibromo\u20109H\u2010carbazol\u20109\u2010yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid, doped in blue perovskites for building a better\u2010balanced injection and controlling over defects is demonstrated. During the perovskite film deposition process, most small molecules are extruded from the precursor solution to the bottom and top surfaces of the perovskite films. This unique distribution of molecules can construct a better\u2010balanced carrier injection due to improved hole and retarded electron injection by its suitable energy\u2010level structure, along with modulation of all defects in bulk and at the surface of doped films due to the formation of covalent bonds by its functional moiety. With this approach, a series of blue perovskite LEDs is designed with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 24.03% (at a luminance of 113\u00a0cd m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and emission peak of 485\u00a0nm), 16.61% (at a luminance of 51\u00a0cd m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and emission peak of 476\u00a0nm) and 8.55% (at a luminance of 30\u00a0cd m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    and emission perk of 467\u00a0nm), and encouraging operational stability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T09:15:46Z","timestamp":1742202946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Blue Perovskite Light\u2010Emitting Diodes Using Multifunctional Small Molecule Dopants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Zema","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengchang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge  J.J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linjie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge  J.J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor\u2010Optoelectronics Materials and Devices College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou 215123 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor\u2010Optoelectronics Materials and Devices College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou 215123 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Greenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge  J.J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge  J.J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4651-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingbi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics and Chip Technologies Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 P. R. China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00745-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0784-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0018-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad1818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03997-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0575-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0576-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0390-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05792-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01113-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05304-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202302283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202204460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c01009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado5645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0505-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4926\/41\/5\/051203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05486-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-024-01382-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-023-01206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2021.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR09885A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b01650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b05775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201502567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202006736"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202411227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202411451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06207-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17943-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-00955-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR02633J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01227-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb2412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200119g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.5b02888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b11258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR04179A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202219255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba0893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4016"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202409718","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T15:20:37Z","timestamp":1759764037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202409718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202409718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202409718","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2409718"}}