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However, it has been attractive yet highly challenging to create waterborne polymeric fire\u2010retardant coatings combining high\u2010efficiency, generally strong adhesion, and self\u2010repairability due to a lack of rational design principles. Inspired by mussel's unique adhesive, self\u2010healing, and char\u2010forming mechanisms, herein, a \u201cgroup synergy\u201d design strategy is proposed to realize the combination of self\u2010healing, strong adhesion, and high efficiency in a fully polymeric fire\u2010retardant coating via multiple synergies between catechol, phosphonic, and hydroxyethyl groups. As\u2010created fire\u2010retardant coating exhibits a rapid room\u2010temperature self\u2010healing ability and strong adhesion to (non)polar substrates due to multiple dynamic non\u2010covalent interactions enabled by these groups. Because these functional groups enable the formation of a robust structurally intact yet slightly expanded char layer upon exposure to flame, a 200\u00a0\u00b5m\u2010thick such coating can make extremely flammable polystyrene foam very difficult to ignite and self\u2010extinguishing, which far outperforms previous strategies. Moreover, this coating can provide universal exceptional fire protection for a variety of substrates from polymer foams, and timber, to fabric and steel. This work presents a promising material design principle to create next\u2010generation sustainable high\u2010performance fire\u2010retardant coatings for general fire protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202410453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:46:38Z","timestamp":1725014798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Mussel\u2010Inspired, Self\u2010Healing, Highly Effective Fully Polymeric Fire\u2010Retardant Coatings Enabled by Group Synergy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Zhewen","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center College of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai 201804 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland  Springfield 4300 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials University of Southern Queensland  Springfield 4300 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology  2 George Street Brisbane 4000 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Bourbigot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSCL UMR 8207 \u2013 UMET \u2013 Unit\u00e9 Mat\u00e9riaux et Transformations Univ. 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