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Despite their commonality, effective treatments have remained elusive. Herein, a novel treatment utilizing a polymer\u2010formulated nerve growth factor capable of crossing the blood\u2010brain barrier is reported, which effectively reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, reshaped microglia polarization at infarct sites, and decreased the overall microinfarct burden, leading to notable improvements in behavioral and cognitive functions in a mouse model. 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