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The immune checkpoint programmed death ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) not only mediates the immune escape of tumor cells but also acts as a co\u2010inhibitory second signal on APCs. The serious dysfunction of second signals due to the high expression of PD\u2010L1 on APCs in the tumor body results in the inefficiency of tumor vaccines. To overcome this challenge, a previously established Plug\u2010and\u2010Display tumor vaccine platform based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is developed into an \u201cAntigen Presentation Signal Enhancer\u201d (APSE) by surface\u2010modifying PD\u2010L1 antibodies (\u03b1PD\u2010L1). While delivering tumor antigens, APSE can activate the expression of co\u2010stimulatory second signals in APCs due to the high immunogenicity of OMVs. 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