{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:16:42Z","timestamp":1792729002354,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3802300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3802300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52403153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52403153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["55203169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["55203169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52171045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52171045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Muscles are highly anisotropic, force\u2010bearing issues. They form via a process involving nutrient absorption for matrix growth and mechanical training for matrix toughening, in which cyclic disassembly\u2010reconstruction of muscle fibers plays a critical role in generating strong anisotropic structures. Inspired by this process, a mechanical training\u2010associated growing strategy is developed for preparing tough anisotropic hydrogels. Using anisotropic hydrogels made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)\/tannic acid (TA) as an example, it is demonstrated that the hydrogels can absorb poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) via disassembling their aligned nanofibrillar structures. Incorporation of PEGDA within the hydrogels induces PVA to form crystal domains while subsequent mechanical training can restore the aligned fibrillar structures. Such a combining process results in expansion in materials\u2019 size (\u22482 times) and significant enhancement in their mechanical properties (Young's modulus: from 2.4 to 2.85\u00a0MPa; ultimate tensile strength: from 8.2 to 14.1\u00a0MPa; toughness: from 335 to 465\u00a0MJ m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). With a high energy dissipation efficiency (\u224890%), potential applications for these tough and adaptable hydrogels are envisioned in impact\u2010protective materials, surgical sutures, etc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202416744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T09:24:26Z","timestamp":1742203466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Muscle\u2010Inspired Self\u2010Growing Anisotropic Hydrogels with Mechanical Training\u2010Promoting Mechanical Properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yulong","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Huzhou 313001 P. R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 P. R. China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan 430070 P. R. 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