{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:31:14Z","timestamp":1790991074226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22322406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22322406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u2010NRFI07\u20102021\u20100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u2010NRFI07\u20102021\u20100005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection of antigen presentation is central to understanding immunological processes and developing therapeutics for cancer, infectious diseases, and allergies. However, methods with the ability to dynamically and noninvasively distinguish between major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC\u2010I) and MHC\u2010II antigen presentations remain lacking. Herein, we develop activatable molecular optical reporters (MORs) for real\u2010time differential imaging of antigen presentations in lymph nodes (LNs). These MORs are engineered to passively target LNs and activated through proteolytic cleavage by key enzymes in the MHC\u2010I and MHC\u2010II pathways, the immunoproteasome (iP) and cathepsin S (CTSS), respectively, triggering their chemiluminescent or fluorescent signals. Coupled with minimized signal crosstalk and high sensitivity, MORs delineate the subtle differences in the antigen presentation machinery across various disease models, including cancer and bacterial or viral infection, a feat unattainable for existing imaging methods. After systemic administration, MORs also allow real\u2010time visualization of antigen presentation in the tumor microenvironment. Besides, MORs are validated to have potential for preclinical application in immunotherapeutics screening and clinical application in tissue biopsy. Thus, our study not only presents the first example of real\u2010time, in vivo differential imaging of antigen presentation pathways but also opens new avenues for optical probes in immune contexture analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T03:41:09Z","timestamp":1747280469000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differential Optical Imaging of Antigen Presentation Machinery Using Molecular Optical Reporters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shasha","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"},{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 430074 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanyi","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore"},{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University 59 Nanyang Drive Singapore 636921 Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 430074 P. 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