{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:14:16Z","timestamp":1792646056413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52422306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52422306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22275095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22275095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22175096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22175096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22475103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22475103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delivering energy in vivo is essential for treating mitochondrial damage\u2010related diseases. Current methods, including natural mitochondrial transplantation and artificial energy delivery systems, lack non\u2010destructive, external energy\u2010free, and clinically viable potential solutions. Here, artificial mitochondrial nanorobots (AMNs) carrying high\u2010energy phosphate bonds rebuild the in vivo energy supply system to provide energy. Using ischemic heart disease (IHD) as an energy\u2010deficient disease model and the oral route, which has high patient compliance and facilitates long\u2010term administration, to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of AMNs. AMNs remain stable in the gastrointestinal tract, cross the intestinal barrier via a barrier\u2010crossing unit, and target damaged heart tissue and cardiomyocytes using a motion unit chemotactically. Intracellularly, their energy\u2010generating unit provides high\u2010energy phosphate bonds for ATP synthesis (duration 12\u00a0h), while synergistically reducing inflammation and restoring cell viability. At the same frequency of administration, oral AMNs (50\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) match intravenous AMNs (10 mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in therapeutic efficacy, offering a convenient approach to improving cardiac function. Transcriptomics confirm that 200\u00a0\u00b5g AMNs emulate 5 \u00d7 10\u2076 natural mitochondria, restoring energy metabolism and structural function in damaged hearts at the genetic level. This innovative design opens a new pathway for the construction of artificial energy delivery systems in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T03:53:06Z","timestamp":1744602786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Artificial Mitochondrial Nanorobots Deliver Energy In Vivo by Oral Administration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Medical Center Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School  Nanjing 210008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Medical Center Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School  Nanjing 210008 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mimi","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1417631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01681-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01839-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02878-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09147-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05499-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/280607a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat4318"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(70)90009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6450446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.54.070185.004151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.6.1810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.8.1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-022-00586-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405432101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume":"30","author":"Li B. W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4689-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202203820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65147-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.5.1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000072173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.3.2.025002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00636A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-018-2728-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c03071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2173-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000088351.58510.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2007.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000202707.79018.0a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.316291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00232a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0053-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-022-00709-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160359.49478.C2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1860701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200605138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1275"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202500495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T16:45:15Z","timestamp":1759769115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202500495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202500495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202500495","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2500495"}}