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However, their application in biomedical fields such as tumor theranostics is limited by low brightness and rapid signal decay. To address these issues, OSPLIT (optothermal\u2010stimulated persistent luminescence imaging therapy), a dual\u2010function strategy for imaging and treatment is introduced. The OSPLIT approach enhances the release of charge carriers from deep traps in lanthanide\u2010doped nanoparticles, resulting in a 73 fold increase in persistent luminescence within the second near\u2010infrared (NIR\u2010II) window. In living mice, it enables high\u2010contrast imaging of lymph node metastases, with a signal\u2010to\u2010background ratio 11.8 times greater than conventional NIR\u2010II fluorescence. Optothermal\u2010boosted nanoparticles are effective in ablating lymph node metastasis and preventing tumor spread. These findings highlight the potential of optothermal stimulation to enhance persistent luminescence for both imaging and therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T03:09:33Z","timestamp":1743476973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Optothermal\u2010Stimulated Persistent Luminescence Imaging and Therapy (OSPLIT)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0788-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore 119228 Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore  Singapore 117543 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