{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:38:58Z","timestamp":1792287538594,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIR18221018\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIR18221018\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU COST CA23155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU COST CA23155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32322056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32322056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The growing demand for high\u2010strength, durable materials capable of enduring extreme environments presents a significant challenge, particularly in balancing performance with sustainability. Conventional materials such as alloys and ceramics are nonrenewable, expensive, and require energy\u2010intensive production processes. Here, super\u2010hard wood\u2010based composites (WBC) inspired by the meso\u2010scale homogeneous lignification process intrinsic to tree growth are designed and developed. This hybrid structure is achieved innovatively by leveraging the infusion of low\u2010molecular\u2010weight phenol formaldehyde resin into the cell walls of thin wood slices, followed by a unique multi\u2010layer construction and high\u2010temperature compression. The resulting composite exhibits remarkable properties, including a Janka hardness of 24\u00a0382\u00a0N and a Brinell hardness of 40.7\u00a0HB, along with exceptional antipiercing performance. The created super\u2010hard, sustainable materials address the limitations of nonrenewable resources while providing enhanced protection, structural stability, and exceptional resilience. The WBC approach aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by offering extra values for improving personal safety and building integrity across various engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202502266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T21:39:19Z","timestamp":1743284359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["A Natural Lignification Inspired Super\u2010Hard Wood\u2010Based Composites with Extreme Resilience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing 100091 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Construction Engineering Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing 100091 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing 100091 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult  Blyth NE24 1LZ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Construction Engineering Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Akinlabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Construction Engineering Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry  Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton T6G 1H9 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanglun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing 100091 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenji","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing 100091 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical and Construction Engineering Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/2112358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1702-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20220144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00521J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c00342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2012.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg9556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20426445.2016.1190166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.27175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0195-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2008.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"61","volume":"56","author":"Wan H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forest Prod. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC03154C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013115925679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c01497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c04668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"347","volume":"57","author":"Roszyk E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wood Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","first-page":"571","volume":"58","author":"Roszyk E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wood Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-016-0982-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00831-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/JMR.2010.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pc.28813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_3","first-page":"121","volume":"14","author":"El\u2010Wazery M. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jascer.2017.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-022-02064-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202102877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.128393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954405414525142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.3801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(00)00149-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-022-00578-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3846\/13923730.2014.976259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00702-w"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202502266","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.202502266","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202502266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:38:03Z","timestamp":1778935083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202502266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202502266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202502266","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2502266"}}