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The clean H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> produced via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water electrolysis can replace traditional fossil fuels without additional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> emissions. Achieving large\u2010scale and high\u2010efficiency eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RR and HER requires the development of rational electrolyzer designs, which are crucial for industrial implementation. This review examines recent innovations in system designs for eCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>RR, HER, and the latest advances in in situ cell designs for operando characterization during electrochemical reactions. It focuses on cell improvements in flow patterns, membrane electrode assemblies, and electrolyte engineering to maximize catalytic activities at the industrial level. 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