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However, whether phase transitions generate a triboelectric response is not known. This study investigates the occurrence of triboelectrification during the water\u2010ice phase transition using TENGs for real\u2010time ice detection on critical engineering surfaces such as aircraft, wind turbine blades, and vehicles. TENGs are fabricated using aluminum electrodes and either polyethylene, silicone, or polytetrafluoroethylene as the dielectric. The freezing of water and the melting of ice are found to generate triboelectric current only during motion of the contact line, and the presence of ice can lessen additional charge transfer during continuous ice accretion. Further, ice type (rime versus glaze) can be differentiated during accretion by the initial transferred charge and how quickly the signal plateaus. It is observed that mechanical de\u2010icing generates triboelectric charges that are proportional to the de\u2010icing force, and this allows for the identification and quantification interfacial fracture mechanisms such as stress\u2010controlled, toughness\u2010controlled, and cavitation\u2010controlled de\u2010bonding. A prototype ice sensor is validated on a flying drone exposed to simulated rain under icing conditions, where it is able to detect both icing and de\u2010icing in flight. The TENGs exhibited a signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio as high as 83 dB, highlighting triboelectricity as a novel, real\u2010time, and energy\u2010efficient solution for ice detection and protection systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202505793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T02:50:37Z","timestamp":1751338237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Triboelectric Nanogenerators Enable Multifunctional Ice Accretion, Melting, and Interfacial Fracture Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Alasvand Zarasvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; Industrial Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto ON M5S 3G8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical &amp; 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