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Conventional subcutaneous vaccines typically fail to elicit localized immune responses at metastatic sites. To address this, an inhalable nanovaccine, BMVax (bacterial membrane\u2010based vaccine), is developed using bacterial membrane vesicles from engineered\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    expressing ClyA\u2010OVA\n                    <jats:sub>257\u2010264<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Proteomics with retention of immunostimulatory membrane proteins, enabled efficient antigen co\u2010delivery. BMVax ensured antigen cross\u2010presentation (2.2\u2010fold increase compared to the antigen + BMV mixture), driving robust antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell proliferation. Inhaling triggers strong immune responses in tracheobronchial lymph nodes, boosting germinal center B cells (\u22485.8\u2010fold), follicular helper T cells (\u22484.9\u2010fold), and mature dendritic cells (\u22482.5\u2010fold), achieving 83.3% complete prevention of lung metastasis. In B16\u2010OVA lung metastasis model, inhaled BMVax demonstrates superior tumor suppression compared to subcutaneous administration. It induces doubling germinal center B cells and 2.9\u2010fold more follicular helper T cells in the lymph nodes, as well as 2.9\u2010fold more antigen\u2010specific T cells in lung tissue than subcutaneous immunization. Tumor\u2010infiltrating T cells exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and proliferation, reinforcing its therapeutic advantage over subcutaneous immunization. These findings highlight BMVax's potential as an inhalable cancer vaccine, capable of inducing strong immune responses, to effectively combat lung metastatic malignancies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202506174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T07:22:42Z","timestamp":1756970562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inhalable Nanovaccine Based on Bioengineered Bacteria\u2010Derived Membrane Vesicles Against Lung Metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional Nano &amp; Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon\u2010Based Functional Materials &amp; Devices Soochow University  Suzhou 215123 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