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This review systematically compares the dual electrochemical mechanisms based on S reduction (S\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/S\n                    <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and S oxidation (S\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/S\n                    <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), highlighting their distinct advantages in energy density and safety. Key strategies for cathode design\u2014including carbon\u2010based, anchoring\u2010functional, and catalytic\u2010functional hosts\u2014are discussed, alongside electrolyte engineering using ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, inorganic molten salts, and aqueous systems. Recent advances in dendrite suppression, anode protective layers, and functional separators are also summarized. A central challenge identified is the sluggish Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    solvation\/desolvation kinetics, which limits rate capability and low\u2010temperature performance. The application of in situ\/operando characterization techniques (XANES, Raman, UV\u2013vis) to unravel complex reaction pathways is emphasized. By integrating multidisciplinary innovations, this review provides a comprehensive perspective and a phased commercialization roadmap, aiming to accelerate the transition of Al\u2013S batteries from laboratory research to practical green energy storage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202506181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:42:26Z","timestamp":1791603746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects of Aluminum\u2013Sulfur Batteries: From Material Design to Practical Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5996-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science Fudan University  Shanghai 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