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However, their efficacy in enriching antigens within target cells remains limited, and the use of immunomodulators poses a risk for systemic immunosuppression. Here, an apoptotic erythrocyte\u2010derived membrane is developed for the first time, demonstrating its strong abilities to target hepatic antigen\u2010presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate negative regulatory pathways. These apoptotic cell membranes are engineered onto the surface of intravenous lipid emulsions encapsulating disease\u2010associated antigens to generate a tolerogenic vaccine. This nano\u2010membrane coupled structure facilitates robust antigen loading, efficient liver delivery, and uptake by hepatic APCs; while, concurrently downregulating the expression of costimulatory molecules to promote immune tolerance. 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The findings provide solid support for the application of this hepatic APCs\u2010targeted tolerogenic vaccine as a versatile and translatable platform for combating autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T08:09:58Z","timestamp":1750147798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Liver\u2010Targeted Tolerogenic Vaccines: A Nano\u2010Membrane Coupled Approach for Autoimmune Disease Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug\u2010Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant\u2010Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University  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