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Absorbable materials, including polymers, ceramics, and metals, are rapidly transforming orthopedic care by offering temporary support and synchronized degradation to match tissue regeneration. This review highlights cutting\u2010edge advances in composite scaffolds that enhance mechanical integrity, degradation kinetics, and osteoinductivity. We further explore innovative systems integrating stimuli\u2010responsive smart materials (e.g., photothermal, piezoelectric), 4D printing smart materials, regenerative therapies, and bone organoids. Emerging clinical data are discussed in the context of diseases such as osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, and osteoporosis. Looking forward, we outline transformative directions, including AI\u2010driven scaffold design, gradient architectures, and immunomodulatory strategies to resolve the spatiotemporal mismatch between degradation and regeneration. 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