{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:23:25Z","timestamp":1790360605588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Advanced hydrogel interfaces exhibiting finely tuned mechanical characteristics and porosity are essential in wearable and implantable biosensors, mitigating tissue\u2013device mismatches and controlling target analyte transport in biofluids. This work presents an ion\u2010mediated structural engineering approach designed to meticulously regulate the porous architecture and mechanical robustness of poly(vinyl alcohol)\u2013alginate hydrogels (PAH) through straightforward ionic modulation, effectively addressing inherent trade\u2010offs between mechanical strength and analyte diffusion. Utilizing three complementary ionic mechanisms\u2014salting\u2010out, calcium ion chelation, and sequence\u2010directed biomineralization\u2014hydrogels with tailored porous microstructures are fabricated. The resulting hydrogels exhibit pore sizes ranging from 65\u00a0nm to 2.5\u00a0\u00b5m, mechanical moduli of 50\u2013140\u00a0kPa, and controlled analyte diffusion behaviors. Leveraging this structural tunability, two exemplary glucose biosensors are demonstrated: a highly porous hydrogel\u2010integrated wearable biosensor designed for rapid and sensitive glucose monitoring in sweat, and a densely structured hydrogel\u2010integrated implantable biosensor optimized for robust and continuous glucose tracking in interstitial fluid. This innovative methodology elucidates critical interconnections between the hydrogel's ion\u2010mediated microstructural architecture, its mechanical robustness and tunable diffusion characteristics, and the resulting biosensing performance optimized for wearable and implantable applications, thereby advancing the design paradigm for next\u2010generation personalized biosensor interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202515767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:19:47Z","timestamp":1772983187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ion\u2011Mediated Structural Engineering of Hydrogel Interfaces for Tunable Mechanical and Analyte Diffusion Properties in Electrochemical Biosensors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Dongwook","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Yonsei University  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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun\u2010Young","family":"Yook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of 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