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However, real\u2010time non\u2010invasive in vivo immune cell tracking is considerably more challenging than static imaging, particularly when imaging highly motile cells. Here we introduce high\u2010brightness second near\u2010infrared (NIR\u2010II, 1000\u20131700\u00a0nm) window organic probes (DCPDs, brightness\u00a0&gt;\u00a05000\u00a0M\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in aqueous solution), enabling non\u2010invasive high\u2010speed single immune cell imaging in the brain with a temporal resolution up to \u223c50\u00a0fps. The neutrophil migration patterns in the stroke mouse brain and their interactions with infused therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells can be profiled with real temporal dynamics. This advancement facilitates fundamental studies on understanding complex cellular functions in vivo, paving the way for investigating the effect of single\u2010cell temporal dynamics on immune responses or disease\u2010related biological processes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202516197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:40:46Z","timestamp":1768570846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High Temporal\u2010Resolution Imaging Single Immune Cell Migration in Vivo by Ultrabright NIR\u2010II Organic Probes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Smart Materials and Future Energy New Cornerstone Science Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and Ichem Fudan University  Shanghai P. 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