{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:16:06Z","timestamp":1784139366932,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2023\u2010044285\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2023\u2010044285\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2023\u2013044841\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2023\u2013044841\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2024\u2010157277NA\u2010I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024\u2010157277NA\u2010I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRTR\u2010C17.I1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRTR\u2010C17.I1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023\u2010146451OB\u2010I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023\u2010146451OB\u2010I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022\u2010138572OB\u2010C42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022\u2010138572OB\u2010C42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEX2023\u2010001286\u2010S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2023\u2010001286\u2010S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT1566\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT1566\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IKURprogram"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IKURprogram"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Elkartekprogram"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Elkartekprogram"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIE202660E127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIE202660E127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A multiscale understanding of the structure of ionogels \u2013 nanoparticle\u2010free polymer composites incorporating ionic liquids \u2013 is essential for enhancing their macroscopic functional properties and unlocking their potential in critical applications such as energy storage, sensing, and actuation. We establish a complete picture of the nano\u2010 and microstructuration of an ionic liquid within the matrix of a practically relevant electroactive copolymer poly(vinylidenefluoride\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010trifluoroethylene), by combining neutron scattering with cryogenic scanning electron tomography assisted by focused ion beam milling and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy with elemental analysis. We show that the ionic liquid is primarily located in the polymer amorphous phase and forms nanostructures with 10\u201312 nm size. It does not penetrate into the crystalline lamellae or the polymer amorphous phase confined between them, and it does not affect the polymer degree of crystallinity nor its complete crystallization in the highly electroactive \u03b2\u2010phase. Saturation of the unconfined amorphous phase with ionic liquid is identified as the key factor enabling high ionic conductivity while preserving mechanical integrity. At high ionic liquid concentrations, its excess microphase\u2010separates during the composite processing and accumulates in predominantly interconnected micrometer\u2010sized pores, providing the magnetoelectric response and further increasing the ionic conductivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202516835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T07:45:39Z","timestamp":1775029539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resolving Complex Multiscale Structure of Magneto\u2010 and Electroactive Polymer Composites With an Ionic Liquid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Shibaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica de Materiales (CFM\u2010MPC) CSIC\u2010EHU  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Maiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica de Materiales (CFM\u2010MPC) CSIC\u2010EHU  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE \u2010 Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6532-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Petrenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE \u2010 Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8816-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Iturrospe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica de Materiales (CFM\u2010MPC) CSIC\u2010EHU  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Maestu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures  Leioa Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8610-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Porro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE \u2010 Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Barrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microscop\u00edas Avanzadas (LMA) Universidad de Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microscop\u00edas Avanzadas (LMA) Universidad de Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5879-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Kohlbrecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences  Villigen PSI Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2840-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Shvets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K\u00f6nigsSystems UG  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7403-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny","family":"Modin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIC NanoGUNE  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry University of Minho  Braga Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho  Braga Portugal"},{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Chuvilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IKERBASQUE \u2010 Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao Spain"},{"name":"CIC NanoGUNE  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9566-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"De Teresa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\u00f3n (INMA) CSIC\u2010Universidad de Zaragoza  Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3118-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela M.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Chemistry University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantxa","family":"Arbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica de Materiales (CFM\u2010MPC) CSIC\u2010EHU  Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senentxu","family":"Lanceros\u2010M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures  Leioa Spain"},{"name":"IKERBASQUE \u2010 Basque Foundation for Science  Bilbao Spain"},{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF\u2010UM\u2010UP) and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET University of Minho  Braga Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoms.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomc.2024.100434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201909736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c01179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.11.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.118556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202400279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202202187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010022\u201001195\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201007564\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100550\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg0902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201020407\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500411q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.1993.090311316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR03259A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.4339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c10746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2024.126816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13152186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c01303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.119385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr800187m"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.3c01700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924\u2010018\u20101347\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757\u2010899X\/299\/1\/012056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3PY00466J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2013.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR03759F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.1993.090310316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma990896w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2023.107973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201012391\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b05391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1295\/polymj.17.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b02087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2021.123411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c10061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.116038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201078363\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.2c00280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2023.142759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2022.101590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201032046\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889800099775"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202516835","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.202516835","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202516835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:51:49Z","timestamp":1781513509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202516835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202516835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202516835","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16835"}}