{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:08:17Z","timestamp":1785470897288,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22309127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22309127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22208229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22208229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92372122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92372122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51672181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51672181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52071225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52071225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK2060000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK2060000040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KY2060000150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY2060000150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GG2060127001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GG2060127001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rechargeable Li\u2500Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    batteries represent a promising high\u2010energy\u2010density technology. However, the open\u2010pore structure of conventional cathode materials poses a fundamental challenge by permitting the uncontrolled diffusion of Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into the electrolyte, resulting in severe local concentration dilution that plagues rate capability and specific capacity. Herein, a self\u2010confinement strategy by hollow carbon nanoreactors (HCNRs) is proposed to regulate the local concentration of active Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    species with micropores (\u22480.8\u00a0nm) on their walls. These micropores act as size\u2010selective barriers, allowing to block the escape of larger active Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    species (kinetic diameter \u22480.86\u00a0nm), and mesopores (30\u201350\u00a0nm) function as nanoreactors that concentrate active Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    species. This design enables the as\u2010assembled Li\u2500Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell to achieve an ultrahigh current density of 100\u00a0mA\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    during the charge\/discharge process and a record\u2010breaking specific capacity of 8000 mAh\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (9 mAh\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), superior to the reported literature. This hollow nanoreactor design highlights the potential of Li\u2500Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    batteries as high\u2010power and energy\u2010dense systems, paving the way for their practical application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202518732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T11:48:20Z","timestamp":1770119300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Self\u2010Confinement Effect Enabled by Hollow Carbon Nanoreactor for High\u2010Performance Li\u2013Cl\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Battery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2360-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiejun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui 230026 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui 230026 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Rummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Beam Emergent Additive Manufacturing (EBEAM) Centre Centre for Nanotechnology (CNT) Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies (CEET) VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava  17. Listopadu 15 Ostrava 708 33 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei Anhui 230026 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq3750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01614-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-024-01473-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19991-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16259-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/451652a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-021-00839-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05281-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-024-01565-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0634-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-022-01001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03757-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202312001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2310903120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c07826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51033-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c07927"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c11726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c18070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2100834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45243-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160-024-00552-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202107314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49826-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.202200154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume":"19","author":"Shi Q.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano\u2010micro Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c09892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45087-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36276-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202103648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume":"146","author":"Zhu F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202418990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202501333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE01597A"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202518732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.202518732","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202518732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:31:37Z","timestamp":1773325897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202518732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202518732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202518732","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e18732"}}