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However, the corresponding devices hardly achieve satisfactory external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE), and luminance simultaneously because of the use of largely excessive insulating long\u2010chain ligands and additional difficulties in the defect control of ultrasmall CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    QDs. Herein, we develop an alkyl iodide\u2010assisted ligand modulation strategy for CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    QDs toward high\u2010efficiency and bright pure\u2010red PeLEDs. We elucidate an in\u2010situ nucleophilic bimolecular (S\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    2) substitution reaction between the oleylamine and additionally incorporated short\u2010chain 1\u2010iodooctane (IO) molecules during the materials synthesis. The reaction\u2010generated hydriodic acid (HI) induces non\u2010destructive surface etching of QDs, enabling exceptional luminescent properties of the strongly confined products. In addition, the S\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    2 reaction\u2010derived secondary amine strongly adsorbs at the surface of QDs, which stabilizes the products with a reduced ligand density, simultaneously enhancing photoluminescence stability and electrical properties of the assembled emissive layers. The resultant devices emitting at 632\u00a0nm demonstrate a peak EQE of 21.56%, an impressive luminance of 13,132\u00a0cd m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and an exceptional CE of 20.73\u00a0cd A\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which outperforms state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art Rec. 2020 pure\u2010red PeLEDs utilizing ultrasmall\u2010sized colloidal CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    QDs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202519475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T07:25:10Z","timestamp":1769325910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ligand Engineering of Ultrasmall CsPbI\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Quantum Dots via In Situ S\n                    <sub>N<\/sub>\n                    2 Substitution Enables Bright Rec. 2020 Pure\u2010Red Perovskite LEDs with Exceptional Current Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xuehang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information of Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Yibin Institute of UESTC University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Yibin 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Photonic Quantum Information of Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information of Ministry of Education University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhennan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 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