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Instead of conventional mass densification, ionic carbon quantum dots (ICQDs) are introduced into the cell wall to trigger in situ polymer reorganization. At an ultralow concentration of 0.25%, the material achieves a 62% increase in strength and a 30% increase in toughness while slightly reducing bulk density by 0.4%. Mechanistically, ICQDs serve as multifunctional nano\u2010modifiers: hydrogen bonding with cellulose as well as hemicellulose and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions with lignin promote higher crystallinity, greater chain orientation, and tighter microfibril packing, yielding densified yet thinner cell walls. The modified wood further exhibits enhanced antifungal and UV resistance. Multiscale structural and spectroscopic analyses corroborate this compaction pathway\u2013crystallinity and orientation increase without lumen filling or bulk densification. The solution\u2010processable, low\u2010additive protocol is compatible with standard impregnation routes, enabling scalable manufacturing and facile translation to other lignocellulosic substrates. This low\u2010additive, mechanism\u2010guided approach establishes a general route to lightweight, durable, high\u2010performance bio\u2010based composites for sustainable applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202521176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:08:18Z","timestamp":1768381698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Decoupling Density\u2013Strength\u2013Toughness in Wood Modification via Molecular Compaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8690-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources &amp; MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application College of Material Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University  Beijing P. 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