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Due to the intrinsic three\u2010dimensional nature of bonding in many oxides, achieving atomic\u2010level coupling is significantly more challenging than in 2D materials. Although clean interfaces with atomic\u2010level proximity have been demonstrated in bulk ceramic bicrystals using high\u2010temperature and high\u2010pressure processing to facilitate atomic diffusion that flattens rough interfaces, such conditions are not readily accessible when bonding oxide membranes. This study shows how topographic mismatch from surface roughness of the membranes restricts atomic\u2010scale proximity at the interface to isolated patches even after contaminants and amorphous interlayers are eliminated. The reduced ability of 2D materials to conform to a membrane's step\u2010terrace topography also limits atomic\u2010scale contact. In all these material systems, the interface morphology is best characterized using cross\u2010sectional imaging and is necessary to corroborate investigations of interlayer coupling. When imaging the stacked membranes in projection, conventional through\u2010focal imaging is found to be insensitive to the buried interface, whereas electron ptychography reliably resolves structural variations on the order of a nanometer. These findings highlight interface roughness as a key challenge for oxide twistronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202521189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:51:11Z","timestamp":1772981471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mind the Gap\u2014Imaging Buried Interfaces in Twisted Oxide Moir\u00e9s"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harikrishnan","family":"KP","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory  Menlo Park California 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