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Currently, video\u2010based eye tracking systems, while achieving sub\u2010degree accuracy, suffer from high power consumption due to data acquisition and processing of redundant pixels. Here, we present an energy\u2010efficient eye\u2010tracking system employing a position\u2010sensitive detector (PSD) with a graphene photoconductive mesh, which operates with only four readout signals, reducing data volume by over three orders of magnitude compared to video\u2010based systems, while achieving superior accuracy. With the synergistic effects of lateral photoelectric and interfacial gating, the mesh\u2010structured PSD operates under eye\u2010safe ultra\u2010weak light (as low as 10\u00a0pW) without a detection dead zone. Leveraging the real\u2010time, precise tracking capability of the PSD, the eye\u2010tracking system determines gaze orientation by tracking the reflected trajectories of light beams from the cornea, achieving a 1\u00a0kHz tracking frequency and &lt; 0.1\u00b0 angular accuracy. Human\u2010machine interaction applications such as eye\u2010controlled typing and a Gluttonous Snake game are demonstrated using the PSD\u2010enabled eye tracker. The PSD\u2010based eye tracking holds significant promise for the application of human\u2010machine interaction in miniaturized systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202521363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:10:07Z","timestamp":1771665007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrasensitive Mesh\u2010Structured Position\u2010Sensitive Detectors Enabling Eye Tracking for Human\u2010Machine Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyan","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7099-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junpeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science &amp; Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science &amp; Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj8567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010024\u201000653\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-025-00274-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201057629\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256\u2010023\u201000616\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09255-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201052345\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201049907\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201053873\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010024\u201001631\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033254\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201034597\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201029860\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010021\u201000967\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010021\u201000947\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047851\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaf338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039068\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018360\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.Abdulin I.Rigas andO.Komogortsev \u201cEye Movement Biometrics on Wearable Devices: What Are the Limits? \u201d inProceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (ACM 2016):1503\u20131509 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2851581.2892306.","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Mayberry P.Hu B.Marlin C.Salthouse andD.Ganesan \u201ciShadow: Design of a Wearable Real\u2010Time Mobile Gaze Tracker \u201d inProceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services (ACM 2014):82\u201394 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2594368.2594388.","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Li Q.Liu andX.Zhou \u201cUltra\u2010Low Power Gaze Tracking for Virtual Reality \u201d inProceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems (ACM 2017):1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1145\/3131672.3131682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916\u2010020\u201001656\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274\u2010020\u20102917\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010020\u20100307\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Li E.Whitmire M.Stengel et\u00a0al. \u201cOptical Gaze Tracking With Spatially\u2010Sparse Single\u2010Pixel Detectors \u201d in2020 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) (IEEE 2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR50242.2020.00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.LiandX.Zhou \u201cBattery\u2010Free Eye Tracker on Glasses \u201d inProceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM 2018):67\u201382 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3241539.3241578.","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Sarkar D.Strathearn G.Lee M.Olfat A.Rohani andR. 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