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Despite mechanistic insights, durable, localized, and cell\u2010specific control of this crosstalk remains elusive. Here, we developed a circRNA\u2010based in situ antibody engineering strategy to functionalize SDVGs, reprogramming ECs into local biofactories that secrete Olaratumab (Ola), a PDGFR\u2010\u03b1\u2010neutralizing antibody, to precisely modulate EC\u2010VSMC signaling. In vitro, in situ Ola engineering reversed PDGF\u2010BB\u2010induced VSMC phenotypic switching, markedly suppressing migration, invasion, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition by attenuating MAPK and PI3K\u2010AKT pathways. In the rat model, this approach enabled sustained local antibody secretion for up to 24 days, accelerated endothelialization, and significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia and graft calcification over 6 months, thereby lowering the risk of SDVG restenosis. CircRNA\u2010based in situ antibody engineering offers a powerful modality to modulate intercellular crosstalk and sustain the VSMC contractile phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202522615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:49:06Z","timestamp":1771663746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safeguarding VSMC Contractile Phenotype With In Situ circRNA\u2010mediated Endothelial Olaratumab Engineering to Prevent Vascular Graft Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shunqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai P. R. 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