{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:12:48Z","timestamp":1784099568708,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/T021578\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T021578\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/P020267\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P020267\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X035891\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X035891\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208060246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208060246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The accelerating expansion of data\u2010centric technologies is sharply increasing the energy burden of information storage, placing unprecedented pressure on the efficiency of magnetic switching. Conventional field\u2010driven reversal, once the foundation of magnetic memory, has become impractical in modern architectures due to its high energy cost, limited spatial selectivity, and poor scalability, leading to the dominance of current\u2010driven techniques based on spin\u2010transfer\u2010 and spin\u2013orbit\u2010torque (STT, SOT). Here we show that optimal control theory (OCT) enables precisely shaped magnetic\u2010field pulses that unlock ultrafast, deterministic, and exceptionally energy\u2010efficient magnetization switching in van der Waals magnets, making field\u2010driven reversal competitive with, and in some regimes superior to, established current\u2010based approaches. Using , , and CrSBr as representative systems, we show that OCT\u2010induced uniform spin rotations completed within the picosecond range ( ps) with switching energies ( nJ) up to two orders of magnitude lower than conventional field protocols ( nJ). Optimized fields operate at amplitudes more than tenfold smaller than standard methods, and by exploiting material\u2010specific parameters such as damping and anisotropy, low femtojoule switching energies become attainable, surpassing SOT or STT schemes. Our findings suggest that, rather than being obsolete, OCT\u2010field implementations could complement or hybridize with current\u2010 and light\u2010driven approaches, opening a new design space where magnetic switching is tailored by the interplay of fields, currents, and photons to achieve unprecedented efficiency, speed, and\u00a0scalability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202523059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:58:47Z","timestamp":1784098727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal Control Drives Ultrafast and Energy\u2010Efficient Magnetization Switching in Van der Waals Magnets"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Badarneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PeiYu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elton J. G.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia\u2010San Sebasti\u00e1n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01731-w","article-title":"Electronics Can Be More Sustainable","volume":"22","author":"Nature Materials Editorial","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.09.087","article-title":"Could Energy Hamper Future Developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Knowledge Engineering?","volume":"82","author":"Aktas A. 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