{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:24:46Z","timestamp":1789392286561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR\u20102309037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR\u20102309037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ferroelectric charged domain walls (CDWs) offer emergent electronic states that can serve as functional elements in high\u2010density nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Yet, poor conductivity, structural instability, and lack of deterministic control limit their practical use. Moreover, the CDWs are typically out\u2010of\u2010plane and buried interfaces, which prohibits electrical access and prevents gate control of their carrier density. This work demonstrates the fabrication of artificial in\u2010plane CDWs by stacking oppositely polarized flakes of van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric \u2010In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Edge contact is utilized to electrically access the CDWs and integrate them into CDW\u2010based field\u2010effect transistors (CDW\u2010FETs). CDW\u2010FETs exhibit room\u2010temperature conductance up to four orders of magnitude higher than single domains, exceeding previously reported CDWs by 2\u20139 orders of magnitude. Electron microscopy imaging reveals atomic reconstruction and interfacial heterogeneity in CDWs. Temperature and gate\u2010dependent electrical and magneto\u2010transport measurements confirm that interfacial band bending governs transport. Two transport mechanisms are identified in these CDW\u2010FETs: variable\u2010range hopping and thermally activated traps, showing a transition temperature of 80 K. These results establish artificial CDWs as on\u2010demand, designable conductive channels in vdW ferroelectrics, advancing the understanding of CDW conduction mechanisms and bridging the gap toward device\u00a0integration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202523096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:59:12Z","timestamp":1769774352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Field\u2010Effect Transistors from Artificial Charged Domain Walls in Stacked Van der Waals Ferroelectric \u03b1\u2010In\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Se\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahriar Muhammad","family":"Nahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign Urbana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6854-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign Urbana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign Urbana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9719-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SungWoo","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Irvine  Irvine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7740-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadya","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinshane Y.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Research Laboratory Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign Urbana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-9646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arend M.","family":"van der Zande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana\u2013Champaign Urbana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00375-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110263"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-020-0235-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524-018-0121-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl301432z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22587-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.10.041001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00150197308237691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c01919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09703-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05503-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0702-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00484-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307X\/42\/5\/057501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0532-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0336-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.107.127601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.077203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b03450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34777-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4995651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl104363x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202005876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b13821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b01950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202202408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0338-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau8623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-017-0002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","unstructured":"G.Nolan 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M.Nahid et\u00a0al. \u201cAtomic and Electronic Structure of Strongly Charged Domain Walls in van der Waals\u03b1$\\alpha$\u2010In2Se3${\\rm In}_2{\\rm Se}_3$ \u201darXiv:2601.19137 [cond\u2010mat.mtrl\u2010sci](2026)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54841-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0529-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4942406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4803920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3093(68)90002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1975.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-1573(84)90103-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.106798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3028338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/12\/31\/201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/1\/1\/011002"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202523096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.202523096","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202523096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.202523096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:55:53Z","timestamp":1776948953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202523096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.202523096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202523096","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e23096"}}