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However, their frequent polarization toward the pro\u2010tumor N2 phenotype and the formation of metastasis\u2010promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly limit treatment outcomes. To reprogram these RT\u2010recruited tumor\u2010associated neutrophils (TANs), we develop injectable hydrogel microspheres (HMPs) co\u2010loaded with a TLR4 agonist (lipopolysaccharide) and a PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484). The resulting L\/G@HMPs effectively redirect TAN polarization toward the anti\u2010tumor N1 phenotype, inhibit NET formation, and extend neutrophil lifespan beyond 72\u00a0h. In murine tumor models, the combination of RT and L\/G@HMPs triggers robust innate and adaptive immune responses, marked by substantial accumulation of N1\u2010polarized TANs and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells within tumors, leading to potent tumor eradication. This study presents a hydrogel\u2010based strategy that concurrently modulates neutrophil lifespan, phenotype, and NETs, thereby transforming tumor\u2010promoting neutrophils into anti\u2010tumor allies for enhanced radio\u2010immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:10:27Z","timestamp":1775812227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reprogramming Tumor\u2010Associated Neutrophils to Enhance Radio\u2010Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xulu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiation Medicine and Protection &amp; School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD\u2010X) Collaborative 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