{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:38:01Z","timestamp":1791668281304,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22393961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22393961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240484611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stands as a pivotal determinant of battery performance, governing ion transport and storage behavior, yet precise control over its thickness remains a formidable challenge. Here, we construct a 1\u00a0nm\u2010level SEI on coal\u2010based hard carbon through developing a synergistic regulation strategy toward surface chemistry and microstructure. Oxygen\u2010lean surface chemistry and typical micropore structure are created via phosphate\u2010directed oxygen and carbon etching in a confined microenvironment established by pitch light component surface coating. The surface oxygen content is remarkably reduced from 6.80 to 1.73 at.%, while the pore volume is enlarged by four times. The surface chemistry and structure properties of hard carbon contribute to the construction of 1\u00a0nm\u2010level SEI featured by an organic outer layer and an inner layer rich in Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which represents the lowest value in current hard carbon anodes of sodium\u2010ion batteries. Consequently, the as\u2010designed coal\u2010based hard carbon achieves superior initial coulombic efficiency (92.18%), reversible capacity (363 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and rate capability (231.2 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 3 A g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). This study provides a new material design approach to precise SEI thickness control, promising to inspire extensive research across diverse battery chemistries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1778911288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["1 nm\u2010Level Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Coal\u2010Based Hard Carbon Enables Superior Sodium Storage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Liaoning Binhai Laboratory  Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puda","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengbing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haosen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjie","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6892-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieshan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Liaoning Binhai Laboratory  Liaoning China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010023\u201001414\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202212186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf0812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201410376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2210203119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.5c00231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c06058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b06673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111119118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202505468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c08889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202511632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202420251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202403084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202504944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201902852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202503884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423530"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202013951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202203725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwac084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202303064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl5482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202510882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202501721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE01154B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202501288"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE05305B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202412003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010021\u201000324\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c15979"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.110692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274\u2010023\u20105793\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.120569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202001151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202424028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2023.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c00041"}],"container-title":["Advanced Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.73153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/adma.73153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/adma.73153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:14:52Z","timestamp":1781709292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.73153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/adma.73153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.73153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0935-9648","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-4095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73153"}}